Vorarbeiten für eine archäologische Typologie der Heiligtümer und Votivdepots des vorrömischen und römischen hispanischen Westens

Abstract

In this article, the sanctuaries of the pre-Roman and Roman Hispanic West, which are mostly rural or situated in smaller settlements, are typologically structured and ordered. In this respect, it has a summarizing character, which can only be provisional; for some types of sanctuaries are excluded for factual reasons, since they are currently being worked on by other researchers, and on the other hand only a part of the Iberian peninsula is considered. For the typology there are different principles of order available as constitutive, two are chosen: 1. the inner archaeological appearance of the sanctuaries, namely on the basis of the movable inventory of the consecrated gifts, their species, genus, arrangement or deposit (Section A) and 2. the outer appearance fixed in the landscape at their place, according to their locality (Section B). In this respect, the term type comprises two levels of meaning. As a result, according to the current state of research, six types of sanctuaries can be identified: walled sanctuary/statues/stone circles with stone pillars, or votive depots: dishes/ dishes, lamps and terracottas/lamps. What is surprising is the high proportion of supraregional types. In comparison to all these sanctuaries and depots, the number of types that are only regionally and locally widespread is perhaps surprisingly low. Finally, the temporal dimension of the type, its lifetime and the intensity of its use, i. e. the frequency of visits to the sanctuaries and the corresponding votive depots, are described. This leads to the question of their relationship to the correspondant landscape environment and the settlements in the evolution, i. e. to the character of these sacred landscapes.