Vom Palladion zur Nikephoros

Der Kult der Athena im Kontext der Herrschaftslegitimation im spätklassischen und hellenistischen Pergamon

Abstract

The article focuses on the political instrumentalization of the cult of Athena by the ruling classes of Pergamon from its foundation in late Classical times to the end of Attalid rule. Attribution of the initiation of the cult to Barsine and Herakles is qualified and direct connections with Alexander the Great are noted. Reflections of the cult image in coinage and relief art enable us to recognize what it was modelled on: the mythical palladium of Troy as it appears in vase painting, glyptic and small-format plastic art. Thus for the founders of the goddess’ cult at Pergamon, Athena becomes a substantial link with the great Argead. Furthermore, some iconographic elements of the cult image in addition to the spatial relationship of the Temple of Athena with other sanctuaries on the acropolis and in the vicinity of Pergamon suggest an intentional, close connection with Meter – which was conducive to the acceptance of the recently introduced Athena cult by the local population. The religious policy of the Pergamene rulers is sketched, with particular attention being paid to their approach to Athena and Meter, and is considered in connection with the mythification of the city’s history. Also reassessed and relativized is the reference to Athens in the course of the stylization of Pergamon as the defender of law and order and guardian of Greek culture, following on from classical Athens. The cults of Athena and Meter become key instruments in Attalid efforts to legitimize their rule with respect to the Greek world and to the local population.